Child & Adolescent Learners & Learning Principles
Jean Piaget
Stages of cognitive development and how children construct knowledge.
Lev Vygotsky
Sociocultural theory and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).
Erik Erikson
The 8 stages of psychosocial development from infancy to adulthood.
Albert Bandura
Social learning theory, modeling, and observational learning.
Lawrence Kohlberg
The stages of moral development and ethical reasoning.
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Ecological systems theory and environmental influences on learning.
Cognitive Development
How memory, problem-solving, and decision-making emerge over time.
Moral Development
The evolution of a child's sense of right, wrong, and justice.
Psychosocial Development
Identity formation, emotional regulation, and social relationships.
Developmental Readiness
Understanding when a learner is biologically and mentally prepared to learn.
Learner-Centered Principles
Focusing instruction on the needs, skills, and interests of the student.
Constructivism
The philosophy that learners build their own understanding through experience.
Self-Efficacy
A learner's belief in their own ability to succeed in specific situations.
Metacognition
Thinking about thinking: helping students monitor their own learning process.
Individual Differences
Adapting to diverse learning styles, backgrounds, and intelligences.
Contemporary Principles
Modern approaches including technology integration and 21st-century skills.
