Foundations of Education (Lesson Review)

John Locke was an English philosopher and physician "Father of Liberalism" ; to form character (mental, physical, and moral) ; Education as Training of the mind/Formal discipline ; Notable ideas - "Tabula rasa"
Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator and author. "Father of scientific method" "Father of empiricism"

Jean Jacques Rousseau was a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer and composer of the 18th century."Holistic education"(physical,moral, intellectual)

Notable ideas - moral simplicity of humanity; child centered learning; Famous novel: "Emile" or On Education; Human Development

Edgar Dale was an American educator who developed the "Cone of Experience"
- aka "Father of Modern Media in Education"

Erik Erikson was a German-born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on "psychosocial development" of human beings.

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi was a swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach. "Social regeneration of humanity" Notable ideas: "Four-sphere concept of life" his motto was " Learning by head, hand and heart"

Friedrich Frobel was a German pedagogue, a student of Pestalozzi who laid the "foundation of modern education" based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. "Father of kindergarten

Johann Herbart was a German philosopher, psychologist and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline. ;

Edward Lee Thorndike was an American psychologist ; " Father of Modern educational psychology; connectionism; law of effect. ; "Realize the fullest satisfaction of human wants"

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

IDEALISM Plato (own ideas) nothing exist except in the mind of a man/ what we want the world to be

REALISM Aristotle;Herbart; Comenius; Pestalozzi; Montessori; Hobbes; Bacon; Locke
- (experience) fully mastery of knowledge

BEHAVIORISM always guided by standards/by procedure; purpose is to modify the behavior

EXISTENTIALISM Kierkegaard; Sartre; "Man shapes his being as he lives"
- Focuses on self/individual

PRAGMATISM/EXPERIMENTALISM William James; John Dewey - learn from experiences through interaction to the environment
- Emphasizes the needs and interests of the children

PERENNIALISM Robert Hutchins
- focuses on unchanging/universal truths

ESSENTIALISM William Bagley - teaching the basic/essential knowledge
- Focuses on basic skills and knowledge

PROGRESSIVISM Dewey/Pestalozzi (process of development)
- focuses on the whole child and the cultivation of individuality

CONSTRUCTIVISM Jean Piaget
- Focused on how humans make meaning in relation to the interaction b/w their experiences and their ideas. Nature of knowledge w/c represents an epistemological stance.

SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM George Counts - recognized that education was the means of preparing people for creating his new social order
- highlights social reform as the aim of education

ACCULTURATION - learning other cultures; the passing of customs, beliefs and tradition through interaction and reading.

ENCULTURATION - the passing of group's custom, beliefs and traditions from one generation to the next generation

Convergent questions - are those that typically have one correct answer.

Divergent questions - also called open-ended questions are used to encourage many answers and generate greater participation of students. Higher order thinking skills; to think more creatively.

90 days - enrolled bills becomes a law

30 days - "lapse"

PRINCIPLES & THEORIES OF LEARNING & MOTIVATION

Psychosexual Theory/Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud

Psychosocial Theory - Erik Erikson's Theory of Personality
Ecological Theory - Eric Brofenbrenner's Theory of Development
Sociohistoric Cognitive Linguistic Theory - Lev Semanovich Vygotsky
Cognitive Development - Jean Piaget; John Dewey; Jerome Brunner
Phenomenology - Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers; Louis Raths
Behaviorism - Edward Thorndike; Ivan Pavlov; Burrhus Frederick Skinner
Moral Development - Lawrence Kohlberg
Ivan Pavlov - classical conditioning
Edward Thorndike - connectionism
B.F. Skinner - operant conditioning & reinforcement
Albert Bandura - "bobo doll" experiment; modeling; self efficacy
David Ausubel - Meaningful Reception Theory
Jerome Bruner - Discovery Learning Theory/Inquiry method
Wolfgang Kohler's - Insight Learning Problem
Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin's - Information Processing Theory
Robert Gagne's - Cumulative Learning Theory
Howard Gardner - Multiple Intelligence
Kurt Lewin's - Field Theory/ his concept of life space
Brofenbrenner's - Ecological System Theory
Lev Vygotsky - Social Constructivism; Zond of Proximal Development (ZPD) - gap b/w actual and potential development
Hilda Taba - Grassroots Approach
Max Wertheimer - Gestalt Psychology

>>TAKE A QUIZ<<